Hyperleukocytosis, a rare manifestation of autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Hyperleukocytosis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Abstract

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is characterized by the binding of antibodies to red blood cell (RBC) surface antigens and initiate RBC destruction. White blood cell is usually normal and hyperleukocytosis is rare. The most common microorganism that has been associated with these hemolytic processes are Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Here, we repored a 4-year-old boy child who diagnosed AIHA by warm antibody testing with leukocytosis. The patient was treated with metylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin and clarithromycin. During treatment, the leukocytosis returned to the normal range. The clinical condition and vital signs improved. The purpose of this study is to highlight hyperleukocytosis in AIHA caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.