Frequency of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients Presenting to the General Medicine Clinic with Chronic Diarrhea and Bleeding Per Rectum at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Islamabad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-4/013Keywords:
Inflammatory bowel disease, high risk factor groups, PakistanAbstract
Background: Frequency of inflammatory bowel disease in patients presenting to gastroenterology clinic with chronic diarrhea and bleeding per rectum at tertiary care hospital Islamabad.
Methods: This study was conducted through a non-probability convenient sampling technique in the Department of Medicine, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi for a period of 11 months from December 2022 to November 2024. All the adult males and females who presented with chronic diarrhea for more than 03 months and bleeding per-rectum were included. Baseline and clinical data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 26.0.
Results: A total of 126 patients were selected for final analysis and their mean age was 34.18±8.07 years. The prevalence of IBD reported among 15.07% (n = 19) of the patients. IBD were most significantly associated in young patients (36.12±9.23 – years), patients with comparatively low body weight (60.65±11.51 – kg), lower BMI levels (22.41±1.06 – kg/m2), low hemoglobin levels (8.21±1.22 – gm/dL), female participants (n = 12, 9.52%), and current smokers (n = 16, 12.69%), p value <0.05.
Conclusion: In our study we have concluded that prevalence of IBD in patients presented with chronic diarrhea and bleeding per-rectum was two-folds higher. Controlling the risk factors may reduce its burden.
References
1. Fakhoury M, Negrulj R, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Inflammatory bowel disease: clinical aspects and treatments. J Inflamm Res. 2014;7:113-20.
2. Niriella MA, Liyanage IK, Kodisinghe SK, Silva AP, Rajapakshe N, Nanayakkara SD, et al. Genetic associations of inflammatory bowel disease in a South Asian population. World J Clin Cases. 2018;6(15):908-15.
3. Ng SC, Tsoi KK, Kamm MA, Xia B, Wu J, Chan FK, et al. Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012;18(6):1164-76.
4. Park SC, Jeen YT. Genetic Studies of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Focusing on Asian Patients. Cells. 2019;8(5).
5. Amarapurkar AD, Amarapurkar DN, Rathi P, Sawant P, Patel N, Kamani P, et al. Risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: A prospective multi-center study. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2018;37(3):189-95.
6. Perler BK, Ungaro R, Baird G, Mallette M, Bright R, Shah S, et al. Presenting symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease: descriptive analysis of a community-based inception cohort. BMC Gastroenterol. 2019;19(1):47.
7. Qureshi M, Abbas Z. Clinical Presentation of Ulcerative Colitis in Pakistani Adults. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol. 2015;5(2):127-30.
8. Wang R, Li Z, Liu S, Zhang D. Global, regional and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. BMJ Open. 2023;13(3):e065186.
9. M'Koma AE. Inflammatory bowel disease: an expanding global health problem. Clin Med Insights Gastroenterol. 2013;6:33-47.
10. Irving PM, de Lusignan S, Tang D, Nijher M, Barrett K. Risk of common infections in people with inflammatory bowel disease in primary care: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2021;8(1).
11. Luo C, Liu L, Zhu D, Ge Z, Chen Y, Chen F. Risk of stroke in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterology. 2025;25(1):114.
12. Torres J, Caprioli F, Katsanos KH, Lobatón T, Micic D, Zerôncio M, et al. Predicting Outcomes to Optimize Disease Management in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Crohns Colitis. 2016;10(12):1385-94.
13. Alatab S, Sepanlou SG, Ikuta K, Vahedi H, Bisignano C, Safiri S, et al. The global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2020;5(1):17-30.
14. Banerjee R, Pal P, Patel R, Godbole S, Komawar A, Mudigonda S, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in rural and urban India: results from community colonoscopic evaluation of more than 30,000 symptomatic patients. The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia. 2023;19:100259.
15. Lail G, Tasneem AA, Butt MO, Luck NH, Laeq SM, Abbas Z, et al. Coexistence of Celiac and Crohn's Disease in a Patient Presenting with Chronic Diarrhea. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2016;26(6):536-8.
16. Fairbrass KM, Costantino SJ, Gracie DJ, Ford AC. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2020;5(12):1053-62.
17. Zaman Z, Majid Z. Inflammatory bowel disease in Pakistan: Low prevalence or underdiagnosis? World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2024;15(6):99226.
18. Lakatos PL, David G, Pandur T, Erdelyi Z, Mester G, Balogh M, et al. IBD in the elderly population: results from a population-based study in Western Hungary, 1977-2008. J Crohns Colitis. 2011;5(1):5-13.
19. Betteridge JD, Armbruster SP, Maydonovitch C, Veerappan GR. Inflammatory bowel disease prevalence by age, gender, race, and geographic location in the U.S. military health care population. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19(7):1421-7.
20. Dong J, Chen Y, Tang Y, Xu F, Yu C, li Y, et al. Body Mass Index Is Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0144872.
21. Jun YK, Kim B, Choi Y, Shin CM, Park YS, Kim N, et al. Smoking Experience before Adulthood Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Developing Ulcerative Colitis in Adult Ex-Smokers. Yonsei Med J. 2025;66(1):9-15.
22. Lungaro L, Costanzini A, Manza F, Barbalinardo M, Gentili D, Guarino M, et al. Impact of Female Gender in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Narrative Review. J Pers Med. 2023;13(2).
23. Karban A, Eliakim R. Effect of smoking on inflammatory bowel disease: Is it disease or organ specific? World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13(15):2150-2.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CreativeCommons Attribution License (CC BY) 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Metrics
How to Cite
