Cardiorespiratory Complications in Neonates Born to Diabetic Mothers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-3/052Keywords:
Cardiac Anomalies, Respiratory Distress, Outcome, IDM, PGDM, GIRAbstract
Background: Maternal diabetes mellitus, either gestational (GDM) or pregestational (PGDM), influences neonatal outcome. That is mediated by developing cardiorespiratory complications. These risks are influenced by maternal glycemic control and the type of diabetes, either GDM or PGDM. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of cardiorespiratory complications in infants of diabetic mothers. and comparison of these complications in GDM, PGDM
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Neonatology Department, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, from April to October 2024. 100 maternal-neonatal pairs were enrolled using consecutive non-probability sampling. Relevant maternal, perinatal, and neonatal data were recorded using a structured proforma. The frequency of cardiorespiratory complications was determined by using the SPSS version 25 Chi-square test, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Among our cohort, transient tachypnea of the newborn was the most common diagnosis (22%), followed by VAP (23%), with similar distribution among all groups (p = 0.129).
Neonates in the GDM group diagnosed after 28 weeks of gestation experienced higher rates of hypoglycemia (72.3%) and required high GIR >10mg/kg/min (p > 0.05). Pulmonary hypertension and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were noted in 22% and 20% neonates, respectively (p > 0.05). Preterm birth and low birth weight were common in GDM, while PGDM had more cases of macrosomia.
Conclusion: The cardiac and respiratory complications are 85 % and 89% respectively, in diabetic mothers regardless of diabetic type. Enhanced preconception, perinatal monitoring, and glycemic control remain crucial for optimizing neonatal outcomes.
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