Salivary Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Expression: A Gateway to Early Detection of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-2/049Keywords:
Saliva, Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, Tumorigenesis, Oral Submucous FibrosisAbstract
Background: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a cytokine, mainly secreted by fibroblast cells which are implicated as a source of extracellular matrix in fibrotic regions. The objective of this research was to study the expression of salivary bFGF with clinical characteristics in patients with Oral submucous fibrosis and healthy controls.
Methods: This study was conducted in the Dental OPD of Ziauddin University and Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi in 2019 (0370718SSOM). A total 180 salivary samples ,including 90 controls and cases of Oral submucous fibrosis were processed and investigated at Ziauddin University's clinical laboratory in North Nazimabad using ELISA technique. Non- probability consecutive sampling technique was used. Questionnaire was used for recording socio - demographic data, frequency and duration of tobacco for all participants. For all the diagnosed cases of Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF), clinical parameters were noted. SPSS v20 was used for analysis with a 95% confidence interval and 80% power; normality was tested via Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, associations between clinical characteristics and biomarker were assessed using one-way ANOVA and pooled t-test, salivary bFGF levels were compared using pooled t-test, and logistic regression was applied to calculate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals to assess exposure-outcome associations.
Results: The presence of bFGF was detected in the saliva samples taken from all participants. Mean levels of bFGF in controls were 2.59 ± 2.44 where as in cases the levels were elevated to 8.97 ± 2.96 and showed a significant correlation among cases and controls (p<0.001).
Conclusion: An increase in salivary level of bFGF may indicate an irreversible progression in cases with Oral submucous Fibrosis.
References
Kudva A, Kumar M, John ER, Dhara V. Occurrence of Second Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder following Excision of Primary Lesion: A Prospective Study of Cases from a Tertiary Care Centre. Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery. 2023 Mar;22(1):252-7. DOI: 10.1007/s12663-022-01764-9
Iocca O, Sollecito TP, Alawi F, Weinstein GS, Newman JG, De Virgilio A, Di Maio P, Spriano G, Pardiñas López S, Shanti RM. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity and oral dysplasia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of malignant transformation rate by subtype. Head & neck. 2020 Mar;42(3):539-55. DOI: 10.1002/hed.26006
Aljohani K, Alqarni A, Harte M, Alghamdi R, Alzahrani S, Albuquerque R. Oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer in Saudi Arabia: an epidemiological review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024 Feb 28;13(5):1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051376
Jayaswal A, Goel S, Verma K, Jivrajani S, Makhijani B. Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis linking with Areca Nut usage among Indians. Bioinformation. 2024 Jul 31;20(7):751. doi: 10.6026/973206300200751
Gupta S, Jawanda MK. Oral submucous fibrosis: An overview of a challenging entity. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 2021 Oct 23;87(6):768-77.doi:10.25259/IJDVL_371_20.
Roghay SS, Razi A, Hosein M, Shahid M, Butt S, Batool H. Expression of salivary resistin in oral premalignant individuals. J Adv Med Med Res. 2020:127-33.
doi:10.9734/jammr/2020/v32i230376.
Rai A, Jain A, Arora A, Motiwale T. Oral submucous fibrosis in children: an alarming condition and challenges in management. BMJ Case Reports CP. 2021 Mar 1;14(3):e238718.
doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238718.
Chhabra AK, Sune R, Reche A. Oral submucous fibrosis: a review of the current concepts in management. Cureus. 2023 Oct 18;15(10).doi: 10.7759/cureus.47259.
Hsueh PC, Chang KP, Liu HP, Chiang WF, Chan XY, Hung CM, Chu LJ, Wu CC. Development of a salivary autoantibody biomarker panel for diagnosis of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Frontiers in oncology. 2022 Oct 31;12:968570.doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.968570.
Ferrari E, Gallo M, Spisni A, Antonelli R, Meleti M, Pertinhez TA. Human serum and salivary metabolomes: diversity and closeness. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023 Nov 22;24(23):16603.doi:10.3390/ijms242316603.
Hase T, Kawashiri S, Tanaka A, Nozaki S, Noguchi N, Kato K, Nakaya H, Nakagawa K. Correlation of basic fibroblast growth factor expression with the invasion and the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of oral pathology & medicine. 2006 Mar;35(3):136-9.
doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2006.00397.x.
Kim S, Kang GH, Lim KM, Shin Y, Song K, Park S, An J, Kim DY, Shin HC, Cho SG. Thermostable Human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (TS-bFGF) Engineered with a Disulfide Bond Demonstrates Superior Culture Outcomes in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell. Biology. 2023 Jun 20;12(6):888.doi:10.3390/biology12060888.
Liu M, Xing LQ. Basic fibroblast growth factor as a potential biomarker for diagnosing malignant tumor metastasis in women. Oncology letters. 2017 Aug;14(2):1561-7.doi:10.3892/ol.2017.6335.
Mortazavi H, Yousefi-Koma AA, Yousefi-Koma H. Extensive comparison of salivary collection, transportation, preparation, and storage methods: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2024 Feb 2;24(1):168.doi:10.1186/s12903-024-03902-w.
Panda S, Panda BK, Pattnaik B, Naik C, Dany SS, Avijeeta A. Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis in a tertiary care hospital of Odisha-A cross-sectional study. J Evid Based Med Healthc. 2020;7(49):1-4.doi:10.18410/jebmh/2020/594
Lalfamkima F, Bommaji SB, Reddy KK, Chalapathi KV, Patil MB, Patil TR, Nayyar AS. Comparative evaluation of alteration in salivary flow rate between betal Nut/Gutkha chewers with and without OSMF, and healthy subjects: A prospective case-control study. Oncology Journal of India. 2021 Jan 1;5(1):1-7.doi:10.4103/oji.oji_22_20.
Iqbal K, Butt S, Razi A. Clinical characteristics of patients with oral submucous fibrosis: A single institute study. National Journal of Health Sciences. 2024 Mar 11;9(1):44-8. doi:10.21089/njhs.91.0044.
Raffat MA, Hadi NI, Hosein M, Zubairi AM, Ikram S, Akram Z. Differential expression of salivary S100A7 in oral submucous fibrosis. The Saudi dental journal. 2019 Jan 1;31(1):39-44.
doi:10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.09.007.
Chhabra AK, Sune R, Reche A. Oral submucous fibrosis: a review of the current concepts in management. Cureus. 2023 Oct 18;15(10).doi:10.7759/cureus.
Kitabatake K, Ishikawa S, Sugimoto M, Enomoto A, Kaneko M, Ota S, Edamatsu K, Yusa K, Hemmi T, Okuyama N, Iino M. Salivary metabolomics for oral leukoplakia with and without dysplasia. Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2023 Dec 1;124(6):101618.
doi:10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101618.
Francavilla C, O'Brien CS. Fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling dysregulation and targeting in breast cancer. Open Biology. 2022 Feb 23;12(2):210373. doi:10.1098/rsob.210373.
Hu P, So K, Chen H, Lin Q, Xu M, Lin Y. A monoclonal antibody against basic fibroblast growth factor attenuates cisplatin resistance in lung cancer by suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2022 May 27;36:03946320221105134.doi:10.1177/03946320221105134.
Liu ZL, Chen HH, Zheng LL, Sun LP, Shi L. Angiogenic signaling pathways and anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer. Signal transduction and targeted therapy. 2023 May 11;8(1):198.
doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01460-1.
Li C, Kuang K, Du J, Eymin B, Jia T. Far beyond anti-angiogenesis: Benefits for anti-basicFGF therapy in cancer. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research. 2022 Jul 1;1869(7):119253.doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119253.
Luo D, Kumfu S, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) with inhibitors in head and neck cancers: Their roles, mechanisms and challenges. Biochemical Pharmacology. 2025 Mar 3:116845.doi:10.4103/ijabmr.IJABMR_58_16.
Wadia R. Areca nut and oral cancer. British dental journal. 2022 Jun;232(12):866.
doi:10.1038/s41415-022-4425-1.
Liao C, Chen X, Fu Y. Salivary analysis: An emerging paradigm for non‐invasive healthcare diagnosis and monitoring. Interdisciplinary Medicine. 2023 Jul;1(3):e20230009. doi:10.1002/INMD.20230009.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CreativeCommons Attribution License (CC BY) 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
