Male Postpartum Depression: A Neglected Issue in Pakistan

Abstract

The birth of a child is considered one of the most joyous occasions for new parents along with their entire family and relatives. However, there are times when new fathers during this occasion face an important issue that is often neglected, called Male Postpartum Depression (PPD) ¹. During the initial months, new mothers may experience maternal PPD, hence support and treatments are offered to such individuals. ¹. In comparison to maternal PPD, male PPD is not well documented and is often neglected. Male PPD presents differently than female PPD whereby they may experience irritability, anxiety, lack of interest in activities that were previously considered enjoyable, social withdrawal, along changes in sleeping and eating patterns. ¹.

Globally, different studies indicate that 10% of males after the birth of their child experience symptoms of anxiety and depression ². However, these figures may be underrepresented as many such cases remain undocumented. Despite the prevalence and impact of this condition, there is a lack of awareness and support systems tailored for patients. In Pakistan, the mental health of males is often stigmatized thus preventing them from seeking and asking for help. Some studies have estimated that male PPD ranges from 28% to 63% ³. Furthermore, a study from Karachi, Pakistan concluded that up to 23.5% of the male population experienced PPD ⁴. This prevalence report from more different studies may seem to be underestimated as the actual rates might be higher.

Several factors contribute to the development of male PPD. The shifting dynamics of the family as the arrival of children changes the established routines and roles. Raising children is associated with immense financial burden, contributing to PPD. Traditionally, mothers are offered support and guidance during the postpartum period as maternal PPD is established and not stigmatized as compared to male PPD. The consequences of male postpartum depression are far-reaching, and they can manifest in several ways. Males suffering from PPD may have increased anger and irritation, escape from family life, having difficulties in bonding with children, potentially leading to substance abuse, and suicidal ideation⁵.Public health campaigns should be organized highlighting signs and symptoms of PPD in males and emphasizing how timely addressing this issue is critical. Guidelines should be provided to relevant healthcare professionals in terms of screening fathers for PPD. In Pakistan, cultural stigma has been a crucial factor in negligence towards mental health problems.