Prevalence of Microorganisms in Diabetic Foot Patients and their Sensitivity Analysis at Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-4/016Keywords:
Diabetic Foot, Foot Ulcer, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Wound Infection, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) or ulcers (DFUs) are a major problem among diabetic patients that can result in extended hospital stays and amputations in case of improper treatment. Therapy frequently begins with empirical treatment; however, insights into the local microbial epidemiology, antibiotic resistance, and sensitivity patterns are essential to successful therapy. The purpose of the study was to identify the prevalence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms in DFIs and to assess their antibiotic susceptibility.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 77 patients with infected foot ulcer cases at Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. Samples of deep wounds were obtained, and microbiological anaerobic and aerobic culturing was performed. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion testing was used for antibiotic sensitivity testing with SPSS Statistics version 26.0. Organism prevalence and sensitivity were reported using descriptive statistics, and the relationship between the organism and demographic variables was analyzed using Chi-square and t-tests, with a p-value < 0.05 being significant.
Results: E. coli (16 (21.6%)) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (8(10.8%)) were dominant among gram-negative isolations, whereas MRSA (8 (10.8%)) and Staphylococcus aureus (6 (8.1%)) were the prevalent gram positives. Cefotaxime had the greatest sensitivity (17 (22.9%)), followed by colistin and imipenem. Hypertension and obesity were prevalent, with no significant correlation with antibiotic resistance patterns (p>0.05). The results found Gram-negative organisms in DFIs, with their antibiotic sensitivity patterns were inconsistent and requiring local surveillance.
Conclusion: This study concluded that DFIs in this population were caused by Gram-negative organisms, and cefotaxime was highly sensitive, making it a possible addition to empirical therapy.
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