Epilepsy and Urban Inequality: Uncovering the Socioeconomic and Structural Barriers Faced by Patients in Karachi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-3/050Keywords:
Social, Epilepsy, Worldwide, Seizures, Effect, DrugsAbstract
Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects millions worldwide, often leading to not only medical complications but also significant social and economic burdens. In low- and middle-income countries like Pakistan, limited awareness and access to resources further exacerbate the challenges faced by individuals living with epilepsy. The study aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic and health-related challenges experienced by individuals living with epilepsy in Karachi.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March to October 2023 involving 252 patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Participants were recruited using non-probability purposive sampling from Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Darul Sehat Hospital, and the Neurology and Epilepsy Care Centre, Karachi. Informed consent was obtained, and a pilot study was conducted to assess questionnaire validity. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 22, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Among the 252 participants, 75 individuals (29.7%) reported being financially dependent, while 177 (70.3%) were economically independent. Only 64 patients (25.4%) were able to visit healthcare facilities without assistance, whereas 188 (74.6%) required support. Educational challenges were reported by 68 participants (27.0%), and 87 individuals (34.5%) experienced employment-related difficulties. Most participants, 209 (82.9%), attended regular medical checkups, while 43 (17.1%) did not. Additional medication use besides antiepileptic drugs was reported by 51 individuals (20.2%), with 201 (79.8%) relying solely on antiepileptics. A majority, 165 participants (65.5%), reported financial burdens associated with their condition. Additionally, 107 individuals (42.5%) experienced bowel or urinary incontinence during seizures, while 145 (57.5%) did not.
Conclusion: Epileptic patients in Karachi face significant socioeconomic and functional challenges, including financial dependence, mobility limitations, and employment barriers. Targeted healthcare policies and support services are essential to improve the quality of life and promote social inclusion for this population.
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