Bridging Dysplasia to Diagnostic Oral Pathology: Comparative Evaluation of Leukoplakia as a Predictor of Oral Malignancy

Amna  Sarfaraz; Mariam  Fatima; Sahd  Rashid; Saba  Ejaz; Ayesha  Siddiqa; Aiza  Khan; Kainat  Zafar

doi:10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-3/026

Authors

Amna Sarfaraz Shifa College of Dentistry Shifa Tamer - e- Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Mariam Fatima Shifa College of Dentistry Islamabad, Pakistan.
Sahd Rashid Shifa College of Dentistry Shifa Tamer - e- Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Saba Ejaz Rawal Institute of Health Sciences , Islamabad, Pakistan.
Ayesha Siddiqa Shifa College of Dentistry, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Aiza Khan Hazarat Bari Imam Sarkar Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Kainat Zafar Akhtar Saeed Medical College, Akhtar Saeed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4567-8833

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-3/026

Keywords:

Leukoplakia, Oral, Mouth Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Epithelial Cells

Abstract

Background: Oral leukoplakia is a frequently encountered premalignancy and potential source of oral dysplastic change, with the probable clinical manifestation in the form of an oral leukoplakia lesion. In this study, the authors endeavor to carry out the histological grading of dysplasia in leukoplakia and the relationship between the grades of dysplasia and malignant transformation.

Methods: One hundred and twenty clinically diagnosed oral leukoplakia patients were studied in a cross-sectional analysis. Demographic, tobacco history, and features of the lesions were documented. Histopathological analysis was used to decide on the existence and extent of epithelial dysplasia. Stratified cases were associated with dysplasia grade (none, mild, moderate, severe/CIS) and compared to the demonstration of malignant transformation during follow-up biopsy or surgical extirpation. SPSS version 26.0 was used to calculate % and estimate the values.

Results: Most patients (65%) were males, and the most dominant age group was among those aged 41-60. In 75 per cent of cases, tobacco use was reported. Histologically, there was mild dysplasia in 35 percent, moderate in 23.3 percent, and severe dysplasia/CIS in 13.3 percent of the organisms, with 28.3 percent being negative for dysplasia. The rate of malignant transformation was observed to be increased with dysplasia grade: 2.9 percent with no dysplasia, 9.5 percent with mild, and 32.1 percent with moderate dysplasia, and 81.3 percent in severe dysplasia (p<0.01). Tobacco use and gender were also positively correlated with dysplastic changes, malignant potential.

Conclusion: There is a quantifiable relationship between the malignant potential of oral leukoplakia depending on the severity of dysplasia as it appears in the histology.

Author Biographies

Amna Sarfaraz, Shifa College of Dentistry Shifa Tamer - e- Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Department of Oral Pathology ,
Mariam Fatima, Shifa College of Dentistry Islamabad, Pakistan.

Department of Oral Medicine,
Sahd Rashid, Shifa College of Dentistry Shifa Tamer - e- Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Department of Oral Medicine,
Saba Ejaz, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences , Islamabad, Pakistan.

Department of Oral Pathology,
Ayesha Siddiqa, Shifa College of Dentistry, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Department of Oral Medicine,
Aiza Khan, Hazarat Bari Imam Sarkar Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Department of Oral Biology,
Kainat Zafar, Akhtar Saeed Medical College, Akhtar Saeed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.

Department of Pathology,

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