PHYSICAL THERAPY TREATMENT IN POSTNATAL WOMEN
Keywords:
Postnatal care, exercise, core stability exercises, nutritional guidance, endurance, muscle strengthening exercisesAbstract
Background: The postnatal period starts at the time when a mother gives birth to a baby; all changes that occur during pregnancy come back to a normal state like hormonal levels, size of the uterus, and weight. According to WHO this is the most ignorant period for postnatal women and their children by the society which is a bitter reality that’s why death is common in many mothers and children during the postnatal period. In Physical therapy, Gynecological rehabilitation is an important part of treatment and also a topic of consideration for referrals to doctors in the postnatal period to improve the issues related to postnatal women.
Objective: To enhance the knowledge regarding the role of Physical therapy in the postnatal period of women.
Search Strategy: This is a review article with extracts from various search engines like PubMed, CDC, MP, MCHI, Google scholar, Sci-Hub, etc. It is used to increase the knowledge regarding various treatment options in physical therapy that are helpful for postnatal women without causing side effects.
Conclusion: Physical therapy consists of many interventions that can be beneficial, and it improves the quality of life of postnatal women.
References
Jenkins C. Postnatal exercise: The mother’s well-being is important too. J New Zealand medical association. 2005 June 24; 118: pp 1541.
Romano M, Cacciatore A, Giordano R, La Rosa B. Postpartum period: three distinct but continuous phases. Journal of prenatal medicine. 2010 Apr;4 (2): pp 22.
Chauhan G, Tadi P. Physiology, Postpartum Changes. StatPearls Publishing. 2020Mar15.
World Health Organization. Global health observatory data. 2017. Available from Available from: https:// www.tradingeconomics.com/ ghana/ mortality-rate-neonatal-per-1-000-live-births-wb-data. html. 2017.
WHO. Global health observatory data 2015. Cited 2017 June 1. http:// www.who.int/ gho/ en/.
The Partnership for Maternal N, and Child Health. Newborn death and illness 2011. 2017 June 1. http://www.who.int/pmnch/media/press_materials/fs/fs_newborndealth_illness/en/.
Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Bahl R, Lawn JE, Salam RA, Paul VK, et al. Can available interventions end preventable deaths in mothers, newborn babies, and stillbirths, and at what cost? Lancet. 2014; 384 (9940): pp 347–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60792-3 PMID: 24853604
Froen JF, Friberg IK, Lawn JE, Bhutta ZA, Pattinson RC, Allanson ER, et al. Stillbirths: progress and unfinished business. Lancet. 2016; 387(10018): pp 574–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15) 00818-1 PMID: 26794077
UN. Sustainable Development Goals. June 1, 2017. https:// unstats.un.org/ sdgs/ files/ report/ 2017/ the sustainable development goals report 2017.pdf
Acuin CS, Khor GL, Liabsuetrakul T, Achadi EL, Htay TT, Firestone R, et al. Maternal, neonatal, and child health in southeast Asia: towards greater regional collaboration. Lancet. 2011; 377(9764): pp 516–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62049-1 PMID: 21269675
World Health Organization. Reproductive Health, World Health Organization. Dept. of Reproductive Health, Family, Community Health. Pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, and newborn care: a guide for essential practice. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2003.
Wang W, Hong R. Levels and determinants of continuum of care for maternal and newborn health in Cambodia-evidence from a population-based survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015 Dec; 15(1): 1-9. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0497-0 PMID: 25885596
WHO Recommendations on Postnatal Care of the Mother and Newborn. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013 Oct. Executive summary. Available from https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ books/ NBK190090/
Randel A. Interpregnancy care: Guidelines from ACOG and SMFM. American Family Physician. 2019 Jul 15;100(2): pp 121-123.
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Physical Activity and Exercises During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. May 24, 2019: https:// www.acog.org/ Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/ Committee-Opinions/ Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/ Physical-Activity- and- Exercise- During- Pregnancy- and- the- Postpartum Period? Is Mobile Set = false.
Blum JW, Beaudoin CM, Caton-Lemos L. Physical activity patterns and maternal well-being in postpartum women. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2004 Sep; 8(3): pp 163-169.
Carter T, Bastounis A, Guo B, Jane Morrell C. The effectiveness of exercise-based interventions for preventing or treating postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2019 Feb; 22(1): pp 37-53.
Bouchard C, Blair SN, Haskell WL. Physical activity and health. Human Kinetics; 2012 Feb 29.
Penedo FJ, Schneiderman N, Dahn JR, Gonzalez JS. Physical activity interventions in the elderly: cancer and comorbidity. Cancer investigation. 2004 Jan 1; 22(1): pp 51-67.
Armstrong K, Edwards H. The effectiveness of a pram‐walking exercise programme in reducing depressive symptomatology for postnatal women. International journal of nursing practice. 2004 Aug; 10(4): pp 177-194.
Daley A, Riaz M, Lewis S, Aveyard P, Coleman T, Manyonda I, West R, Lewis B, Marcus B, Taylor A, Ibison J. Physical activity for antenatal and postnatal depression in women attempting to quit smoking: randomised controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2018 Dec; 18(1): pp 1-10.
Nahabedian MY. Management strategies for diastasis recti. InSeminars in plastic surgery Thieme Medical Publishers. 2018 Aug; 32(3): pp 147-154.
Larson‐Meyer DE. Effect of postpartum exercise on mothers and their offspring: a review of the literature. Obesity research. 2002 Aug; 10(8): pp 841-853.
Hadizadeh-Talasaz Z, Sadeghi R, Khadivzadeh T. Effect of pelvic floor muscle training on postpartum sexual function and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2019 Nov 1; 58(6): pp 737-747.
Evenson KR, Mottola MF, Owe KM, Rousham EK, Brown WJ. Summary of international guidelines for physical activity following pregnancy. Obstetrical & gynecological survey. 2014 Jul; 69(7): pp 407.
Roy, Brad A. Ph.D., FACSM, FACHE Postpartum Exercise, ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal: November/December. 2014; 18(6): pp 3-4. DOI: 10.1249/FIT.0000000000000071.
Ayers S, Fitzgerald G, Thompson S. Brief online self-help exercises for postnatal women to improve mood: a pilot study. Maternal and child health journal. 2015 Nov;19(11): pp 2375-2383.
Asiamah N, Adu-Gyamfi K, Frimpong FK, Avor WM. Development of a Scale Measuring Nurses’ Physical Activity Counseling in a Primary Care Facility: Implications for Healthcare Quality. Hospital Topics. 2021 Jan 7;99(3): pp 119-129.
Mottola MF. Exercise in the postpartum period: practical applications. Current sports medicine reports. 2002 Dec 1;1(6): pp 362-368.
Cramp AG, Brawley LR. Sustaining self‐regulatory efficacy and psychological outcome expectations for postnatal exercise: Effects of a group‐mediated cognitive behavioural intervention. British journal of health psychology. 2009 Sep; 14(3): pp 595-611.
Hughes P, Jackson S, Smith P, Abrams P. Can antenatal pelvic floor exercises prevent postnatal incontinence. In International Continence Society 2001.
Kolcaba K, Dowd T, Winslow EH, Jacobson AF. Kegel exercises. AJN The American Journal of Nursing. 2000 Nov 1; 100(11): pp 59.
Price N, Dawood R, Jackson SR. Pelvic floor exercise for urinary incontinence: a systematic literature review. Maturitas. 2010 Dec 1; 67(4): pp 309-315.
Hay-Smith EJ, Bo K, Berghmans B, Hendriks E, De Bie R, Van Doorn EV. Pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2008 Jul; 2008 (3).
Kumar T, Kumar S, Nezamuddin M, Sharma VP. Efficacy of core muscle strengthening exercise in chronic low back pain patients. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 2015 Jan 1;28(4): pp 699-707.
Akuthota V, Ferreiro A, Moore T, Fredericson M. Core stability exercise principles. Current sports medicine reports. 2008 Jan 1;7(1): pp 39-44.
Mohktar MS, Ibrahim F, Rozi NF, Yusof JM, Ahmad SA, Yen KS, Omar SZ. A quantitative approach to measure women’s sexual function using electromyography: A preliminary study of the Kegel exercise. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2013 Dec 13; 19: pp 1159- 1166. doi: 10.12659/ MSM. 889628. PMID: 24335927; PMCID: PMC3867621.
Yamasaki M, Shimizu T. Effects of the head-down tilt posture on postnatal development of the aortic baroreflex in the rabbit. The Japanese journal of physiology. 2002; 52(2): pp 149-161.
Vinay L, Brocard F, Clarac F, Norreel JC, Pearlstein E, Pflieger JF. Development of posture and locomotion: an interplay of endogenously generated activities and neurotrophic actions by descending pathways. Brain Research Reviews. 2002 Oct 1; 40(1-3): pp 118-129.
Dutta D, Singh S, Naik Jr P. The Most Comfortable Posture at First Postnatal Day in Women With Episiotomy for Breastfeeding and Routine Activities. Cureus. 2021 Feb 18;13(2).
Morrell CJ, Ricketts T, Tudor K, Williams C, Curran J, Barkham M. Training health visitors in cognitive behavioural and person-centred approaches for depression in postnatal women as part of a cluster randomised trial and economic evaluation in primary care: the PoNDER trial. Primary Health Care Research & Development. 2011 Jan;12(1): pp 11-20.
Jin Y, Coad J, Pond R, Kim N, Brough L. Selenium intake and status of postpartum women and postnatal depression during the first year after childbirth in New Zealand–Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation (MINI) study. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2020 Sep 1;61: pp 126503.
Baqir SR, Sayyar HT, Aslam S. A ROLE OF PHYSICALTHERAPY TREATMENT IN ANTENATAL CARE. Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation. 2021 Jul 6;10(2).
Teychenne M, York R. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and postnatal depressive symptoms: a review. American journal of preventive medicine. 2013 Aug 1;45(2): pp 217-227.
Situt GA, Philip S, Patil P. Prevalence of Scapular Dyskinesis in Breastfeeding Postnatal Women in Satara District--An Observational Study. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences. 2021 Aug 2;10(31): pp 2401-2406.
East CE, Sherburn M, Nagle C, Said J, Forster D. Perineal pain following childbirth: prevalence, effects on postnatal recovery and analgesia usage. Midwifery. 2012 Feb 1;28(1): pp 93-97.
Huang C, Holfeld J, Schaden W, Orgill D, Ogawa R. Mechanotherapy: revisiting physical therapy and recruiting mechanobiology for a new era in medicine. Trends in molecular medicine. 2013 Sep 1;19(9): pp 555-564.
Nilsson-Wikmar L, Holm K, Öijerstedt R, Harms-Ringdahl K. Effect of three different physical therapy treatments on pain and activity in pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain: a randomized clinical trial with 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up postpartum. Spine. 2005 Apr 15;30(8): pp 850-856.
Tudor-Locke C, Williams JE, Reis JP, Pluto D. Utility of pedometers for assessing physical activity. Sports medicine. 2002 Oct;32(12): pp 795-808.
Lee DT, Chung TK. Postnatal depression: an update. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2007 Apr 1;21(2): pp 183-191.
Wisner KL, Parry BL, Piontek CM. Postpartum depression. New England journal of medicine. 2002 Jul 18;347(3): pp 194-199.
Saligheh M, Rooney RM, McNamara B, Kane RT. The relationship between postnatal depression, sociodemographic factors, levels of partner support, and levels of physical activity. Frontiers in psychology. 2014 Jul 14;5: pp 597.
Nascimento SL, Surita FG, Godoy AC, Kasawara KT, Morais SS. Physical activity patterns and factors related to exercise during pregnancy: a cross sectional study. PloS one. 2015 Jun 17;10(6): pp e0128953.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.