TRANSLATION, CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF URDU VERSION OF FALLS EFFICACY SCALE- INTERNATIONAL IN COMMUNITY DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Keywords:
Falls efficacy scale-international, risk of fall, berg balance scale, time up and go test, translation, psychometric testingAbstract
Background and Aim: The Fear of Falling Scale (FES-I) was created to investigate people's concerns of falling. It has 16 elements that should be translated into comprehensible Language to avoid misperceptions. The purpose of this research was to provide an Urdu translation of the fall's effectiveness scale-International and evaluate its psychometric characteristics.
Methodology: The FES-I was translated using Beaton standards. A final FES-I was produced once forward and backward translations were completed. Adults aged 60 and up from the community of Lahore's old houses were recruited. Internal consistency and test re-test reliability were evaluated. The Urdu version of the FES-I was compared to the Berg Balance Scale and the Time Up and Go Test to determine its validity.
Results: With 100 respondents, the Urdu – FES-I shows a good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.989). With a Cronbach's alpha score of 0.989, FES-I-U has high internal consistency. The construct validity between the FES-I-U and Time Up and Go revealed a good positive correlation when Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated. There is a substantial negative correlation between the FES-I-U and the Berg Balance Scale.
Conclusion: The FES-I in Urdu is a clear, valid, and reliable instrument for measuring fear of falling among older Pakistani community.
References
Al Shamsi H, Almutairi AG, Al Mashrafi S, Al Kalbani T. Implications of Language Barriers for Healthcare: A Systematic Review. Oman Med J 2020; 35(2): e122.
Fatima S, Arslan SA, Sharif F, Ahmad A, Gillani SA, Zaheer A. Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Urdu version of knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score questionnaire for Pakistani population. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021; 22(1): 1-7.
Lindh-Rengifo M, Jonasson SB, Mattsson N, Ullén S, Nilsson MH. Predictive Factors of Concerns about Falling in People with Parkinson's Disease: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study. Parkinsons Dis 2019; 2019: 4747320.
Kantow S, Seangpraw K, Ong-Artborirak P, et al. Risk Factors Associated with Fall Awareness, Falls, and Quality of Life Among Ethnic Minority Older Adults in Upper Northern Thailand. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16: 1777-88.
Luk JK, Chan T, Chan D. Falls prevention in the elderly: translating evidence into practice. Hong Kong Med J 2015; 21(2): 165-71.
James SL, Lucchesi LR, Bisignano C, et al. The global burden of falls: global, regional and national estimates of morbidity and mortality from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Injury Prevention 2020; 26(Suppl 2): i3.
Yardley L, Beyer N, Hauer K, Kempen G, Piot-Ziegler C, Todd C. Development and initial validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Age and ageing 2005; 34(6): 614-9.
Gazibara T, Stankovic I, Tomic A, et al. Validation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the Falls Efficacy Scale in patients with Parkinson's disease in S erbia. Geriatrics & gerontology international 2013; 13(4): 936-41.
Marques-Vieira CMA, Sousa LMM, Severino S, Sousa L, Caldeira S. Cross-cultural validation of the falls efficacy scale international in elderly: systematic literature review. Journal of Clinical Gerontology and Geriatrics 2016; 7(3): 72-6.
Fabre JM, Ellis R, Kosma M, Wood RH. Falls risk factors and a compendium of falls risk screening instruments. Journal of geriatric physical therapy 2010; 33(4): 184-97.
Halaweh H, Svantesson U, Rosberg S, Willen C. Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Medical principles and practice 2016; 25(1): 1-7.
Kempen GI, Todd CJ, Van Haastregt JC, et al. Cross-cultural validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) in older people: results from Germany, the Netherlands and the UK were satisfactory. Disability and rehabilitation 2007; 29(2): 155-62.
Ulus Y, Durmus D, Akyol Y, Terzi Y, Bilgici A, Kuru O. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) in community-dwelling older persons. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2012; 54(3): 429-33.
Povoroznyuk R, Dzerovych N, Povoroznyuk V. A new voice: translating medical questionnaires. Journal of World Languages 2016; 3(2): 139-59.
Beaton D, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Recommendations for the cross-cultural adaptation of health status measures. New York: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2002; 12: 1-9.
Lipardo DS, Leung AY, Gabuyo CMA, et al. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Falls Efficacy Scale–International in Filipino community-dwelling older adults. Disability and rehabilitation 2020; 42(9): 1292-8.
Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling: Guilford publications; 2015.
Munro BH. Statistical methods for health care research: lippincott williams & wilkins; 2005.
Taber KS. The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in science education 2018; 48(6): 1273-96.
Billis E, Strimpakos N, Kapreli E, et al. Cross-cultural validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) in Greek community-dwelling older adults. Disability and rehabilitation 2011; 33(19-20): 1776-84.
Figueiredo D, Santos S. Cross-cultural validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) in Portuguese community-dwelling older adults. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2017; 68: 168-73.
Baharlouei H, Salavati M, Akhbari B, Mosallanezhad Z, Mazaheri M, Negahban H. Cross-cultural validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) using self-report and interview-based questionnaires among Persian-speaking elderly adults. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2013; 57(3): 339-44.
Nordell E, Andreasson M, Gall K, Thorngren K-G. Evaluating the Swedish version of the falls efficacy scale-international (FES-I). Advances in Physiotherapy 2009; 11(2): 81-7.
Alghadir AH, Al-Momani M, Marchetti GF, Whitney SL. Cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties of the Arabic version of the Fall Efficacy Scale International. Neurosciences Journal 2015; 20(3): 230-5.
Kwan MM, Tsang WW, Close JC, Lord SR. Development and validation of a Chinese version of the Falls Efficacy Scale International. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2013; 56(1): 169-74.
Mijnarends DM, Meijers JM, Halfens RJ, et al. Validity and reliability of tools to measure muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in community-dwelling older people: a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2013; 14(3): 170-8.
Stenhagen M, Ekström H, Nordell E, Elmståhl S. Both deterioration and improvement in activities of daily living are related to falls: a 6-year follow-up of the general elderly population study Good Aging in Skåne. Clinical interventions in aging 2014; 9: 1839.
Shumway-Cook A, Brauer S, Woollacott M. Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the Timed Up & Go Test. Physical therapy 2000; 80(9): 896-903.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
