FREQUENCY OF CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE IN STUDENTS DUE TO USAGE OF SMART DEVICES – CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY
Keywords:
Post traumatic headache, university, students, headache disorders, TMJ, TMD, CFRTAbstract
Background: Cervicogenic headache is not a primary headache and the pain is originated from posterior part of the neck and radiate towards the front of head and ipsilateral eye which can last from few hours to days Due to extreme usage of smart devices there is persistent stress on the cervical spine because of repeated flexed position of head and neck and this position can cause musculoskeletal stress and also contribute to restriction in neck and head movement, lack of sleep quality and lethargy.
Objective: To determine the frequency of cervicogenic headache in students due to usage of smart phone devices.
Methodology: It was a cross- sectional study. In which frequency of the cervicogenic headache was measured due to the high usage of smart devices. Convenient sampling technique was used. Sample size of 200 students was calculated from Rao soft calculator.
Results: Among 200 total participants, out of which 43 were males and 157 were females. 60 participants ranged from the age of 18 to 21 years whereas, 122 ranged from the age of 22 to 25 years and 18 had the age of 26 to 30 years. 21% participants strongly disagreed that use of smart devices is addictive while, 30% strongly agreed to the statement. Cervical flexion rotation test reported that, out of 200 participants, 112 were positive while 88 were negative.
Conclusion: Cervicogenic headache is more common in female university students as compared to male and it is due to the poor posture adopted and excessive use of smart devices.
References
Banerjee R, Pal TK, Basak T, Pradhan A, Agarwal S. Effectiveness of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilisation Technique on Cervicogenic Headache in Smartphone Addicted College Students: A Pilot Study. 2021.
Anarte-Lazo E, Carvalho GF, Schwarz A, Luedtke K, Falla D. Differentiating migraine, cervicogenic headache and asymptomatic individuals based on physical examination findings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2021 Dec;22(1):1-8.
Lam K, Peolsson A, Soldini E, Löfgren H, Wibault J, Dedering Å, et al. Larger pain extent is associated with greater pain intensity and disability but not with general health status or psychosocial features in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Medicine. 2021;100(8).
Greenbaum T, Dvir Z, Emodi-Perlman A, Reiter S, Rubin P, Winocur E. The association between specific temporomandibular disorders and cervicogenic headache. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice. 2021;52:102321.
Castejón OJ, Gonzalez C, Lastre-Amell G, Leal J, Galindez P, Castejon Salones M, Sierra Carrero LL. Clinical study of cervicogenic headache.
Jamil M, Janjua U. Comparison of cervicogenic headache between housewives and working women. Rawal Medical Journal. 2020 Jan;45(1):77-9.
Tuncer A, Maden T, Badat T, Kocamaz D. The effects of 5x5 exercises on a quality of life of university students, who use smartphones during long periods. Physical education of students. 2020;24(5):271-7.
Hijab A, Fatima A, Suleman T, Naseer R. Association of smartphone addiction with Text neck syndrome Among Medical students of Lahore. Pakistan Journal of Physical Therapy (PJPT). 2020:14-8.
Ramalingam V, Subramaniam A. Prevalence and associated risk factors of forward head posture among university students. SCOPUS IJPHRD CITATION SCORE. 2019;10(7):775.
Wilaiwan W, Rohitrattana J, Taneepanichskul N, Danthamrongkua V, Robsond MG, Siriwong W. Health Effects of Using Mobile Communication Devices: A case Study in Senior Citizens, Thailand. EnvironmentAsia. 2018;11(2).
Samaan MN, Elnegmy EH, Elnahhas AM, Hendawy AS. Effect of prolonged smartphone use on cervical spine and hand grip strength in adolescence. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev. 2018;5(9):49-53.
Wang J, Su H, Xie W, Yu S. Mobile phone use and the risk of headache: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. Scientific reports. 2017;7(1):1-7.
Selvaganapathy K, Rajappan R, Dee TH. The effect of smartphone addiction on craniovertebral angle and depression status among university students. International Journal of Intagrative Medical Sciences. 2017;4(5):537-42.
Jung SI, Lee NK, Kang KW, Kim K, Do YL. The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function. Journal of physical therapy science. 2016;28(1):186-9.
Dunning JR, Butts R, Mourad F, Young I, Fernandez-de-Las Peñas C, Hagins M, Stanislawski T, Donley J, Buck D, Hooks TR, Cleland JA. Upper cervical and upper thoracic manipulation versus mobilization and exercise in patients with cervicogenic headache: a multi-center randomized clinical trial. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2016 Dec;17(1):1-2.
Rubio-Ochoa J, Benítez-Martínez J, Lluch E, Santacruz-Zaragozá S, Gómez-Contreras P, Cook CE. Physical examination tests for screening and diagnosis of cervicogenic headache: a systematic review. Manual therapy. 2016 Feb 1;21:35-40.
Rutuja Malavde PS. Prevalence of Cervicogenic Headache in Dentists. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2020;11(5):386-9.
LaGrew J, Balduyeu P, Vasilopoulos T, Kumar S. Incidence of Cervicogenic Headache Following Lower Cervical Radiofrequency Neurotomy. Pain physician. 2019;22(2):E127-e32.
Mingels S, Dankaerts W, Granitzer M. Preclinical Signs of a Temporomandibular Disorder in Female Patients With Episodic Cervicogenic Headache Versus Asymptomatic Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study. PM&R. 2019;11(12):1287-95.
Foiadelli T, Piccorossi A, Sacchi L, De Amici M, Tucci M, Brambilla I, Marseglia GL, Savasta S, Verrotti A. Clinical characteristics of headache in Italian adolescents aged 11–16 years: a cross-sectional questionnaire school-based study. Italian journal of pediatrics. 2018 Dec;44(1):1-1.
Fredriksen TA, Antonaci F, Sjaastad O. Cervicogenic headache: too important to be left un-diagnosed. The journal of headache and pain. 2015;16(1):1-3.
Lauretti GR, Corrêa SW, Mattos AL. Efficacy of the greater occipital nerve block for cervicogenic headache: comparing classical and subcompartmental techniques. Pain Practice. 2015;15(7):654-61.
Asopa A. Systematic review of radiofrequency ablation and pulsed radiofrequency for management of cervicogenic headache. Pain Physician. 2015;18:109-30.
Blumenfeld A, Siavoshi S. The challenges of cervicogenic headache. Current pain and headache reports. 2018;22(7):1-5.
Garcia JD, Arnold S, Tetley K, Voight K, Frank RA. Mobilization and manipulation of the cervical spine in patients with cervicogenic headache: any scientific evidence? Frontiers in neurology. 2016;7:40.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
