Stem Cell Therapy: A Promising Treatment of Parkinson’s Diseases

Abstract

The neurodegenerative disorder is a prolonged persistence curse and effect on economic and physical
challenges in an aging world. Parkinson has come in the second category of disability disorders and associated
with progressive dopaminergic neuronal degeneration with severe motor complications. It is an observation that
gradual disease progression causes 70% degeneration of striatal dopaminergic neurons. Globally there are
around 7-10 million patients with Parkinson's disease, however, there are huge efforts for therapeutic
improvement. According to studies, no single molecular pathway was pointed out as a single etiology to control
disease progression due to a lack of targeted therapeutic strategies. Previously implemented symptomatic
treatments include L-dopa (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), deep brain stimulation, and the surgical insertion of a
medical device. This leads to dyskinesia, dystonia and a higher risk of major surgical complications respectively.
However, not all the above-mentioned therapies can regenerate the dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s
disease patients. Recent advances in the field of cellular therapy have shown promising outcomes by
differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic neurons under the influence of a
regenerative substance. In this review, we have discussed the differentiation of dopaminergic neurons by using
different cell types that can be used as a cellular therapeutic approach for Parkinson’s disease. The information
was collected through a comprehensive search using the keywords, “Parkinson Disease, Dopamine, Brain
derived neurotrophic” factor and neuron from reliable search engines, PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline
reviews from the year 2010 to 2020.
Keywords: Parkinson Disease; Dopamine; Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Neuron.