Dental Care Evaluation Among Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Special School Survey in Karachi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36283/PJMD13-1/011Keywords:
Cerebral Palsy, Periodontitis, Oral Hygiene IndexAbstract
Background: Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) face malfunctioning in the motor system and go through difficulties in hearing, eating, sight, and musculoskeletal systems and are also mentally impaired. This may render them unable to maintain proper oral hygiene. The objective of this study was to evaluate oral hygiene in children with cerebral palsy in Karachi’s special schools.
Methods: A cross-sectional study with a total of 80 CP children was conducted in special schools in Karachi using a purposive sampling technique. CP children aged 12-15, who consented via guardians/school and were able to comply with the procedure were included. CP children on medications or systemic diseases were excluded. Proforma containing demographic details, and dental history questions were asked. Oral examination was done using the Plaque index, Gingival index, and Oral hygiene index simplified was observed.
Results: In this study, there were 48 (60%) males and 32 (40%) females. The mean ± SD of age was 14.4 ±1.4. Independent t-test showed that there was a significant association of gingival index means with the institutes selected (p=0.004). The other parameters PI and OHIS did not show any association. Mean PI (mean 1.99, SD 0.62) and GI (mean 1.9, SD 0.60) showed moderate plaque and gingival inflammation and poor oral hygiene index (mean 3.31, SD 1.3). ANOVA showed associations of PI, GI & and OHIS with dental habits.
Conclusion: CP children have poor oral hygiene status and therefore need early diagnosis and prompt treatment to prevent complications.
References
Cardoso AM, Gomes LN, Silva CRD, de SC Soares R, De Abreu MHN, Padilha WW, et al. Dental caries and periodontal disease in Brazilian children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2015;12(1):335-353. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120100335
Abanto J, Carvalho TS, Bönecker M, Ortega AO, Ciamponi AL, Raggio DP. Parental reports of the oral health-related quality of life of children with cerebral palsy. BMC Oral Health. 2012;12(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-12-15
Akhter R, Hassan NMM, Nadkarni M, Martin EF, Khandaker G. Oral health in children with cerebral palsy. Cerebral Palsy-Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects: IntechOpen; 2018. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79452
Wasnik M, Chandak S, Kumar S, George M, Gahold N, Bhattad D. Dental management of children with cerebral palsy-a review. Journal of Oral Research & Review. 2020;12(1). DOI: 10.4103/jorr.jorr_19_19
El Ashiry EA, Alaki SM, Nouri SM. Oral health quality of life in children with cerebral palsy: parental perceptions. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2016;40(5):375-387. https://doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-40.5.375
Ciamponi A. Dental caries prevalence in the primary dentition of cerebral-palsied children. The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2003;27(3):287-292.
MEGGIORIN F. Paralisi cerebrale infantile in età pediatrica (0-16 anni): l'igiene dentale. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/38094
Du RY, McGrath C, Yiu CK, King NM. Oral health in preschool children with cerebral palsy: a case–control community‐based study. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2010;20(5):330-335.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263X.2010.01062.x
Guare RdO, Ciampioni AL. Prevalence of periodontal disease in the primary dentition of children with cerebral palsy. Journal of dentistry for children. 2004;71(1):27-32.
Guerreiro PO, Garcias Gd. Oral health conditions diagnostic in cerebral palsy individuals of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 2009;14(5):1939. DOI:10.1590/S1413-81232009000500036
de Carvalho RB, Mendes RF, Prado Jr RR, Neto JMM. Oral health and oral motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Special Care in Dentistry. 2011;31(2):58-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-4505.2011.00180.x
Mohammed SR, Anand N, Chandrasekaran S, Mahalakshmi K, Padmavathy K. Evaluation of periodontal status and detection of Dialister pneumosintes in cerebral palsy individuals: A Case–Control study. Indian Journal of Dental Research. 2018;29(6):768. DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_582_15
UK NGA. Cerebral palsy in under 25s: assessment and management. 2017. PMID: 28151611 Bookshelf ID: NBK419326
Jan BM, Jan MM. Dental health of children with cerebral palsy. Neurosciences Journal. 2016;21(4):314-318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2016.4.20150729
Yoshida RA, Gorjão R, Mayer MPA, Corazza PFL, Guare RO, Ferreira ACFM, et al. Inflammatory markers in the saliva of cerebral palsy individuals with gingivitis after periodontal treatment. Brazilian oral research. 2019;33. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0033
Lansdown K, Irving M, Mathieu Coulton K, Smithers‐Sheedy H. A scoping review of oral health outcomes for people with cerebral palsy. Special Care in Dentistry. 2022;42(3):232-243 https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12671
Hanci F, Türay S, Dilek M, Kabakuş N. Epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy: A retrospective observational study. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2020;112:107357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107357
Zorii І, Pryimak K, Bidenko N, Kolenko Y, Volonyk I. Mathematical modeling of oral hygiene in children with cerebral palsy depending on the degree of severity of motor impairment and electroneuromyography parameters. 2023.
Jahan I, Sultana R, Muhit M, Akbar D, Karim T, Al Imam MH, et al. Nutrition interventions for children with cerebral palsy in low-and middle-income countries: a scoping review. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061211
Jahan I, Muhit M, Hardianto D, Laryea F, Chhetri AB, Smithers‐Sheedy H, et al. Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in low‐and middle‐income countries: preliminary findings from an international multi‐centre cerebral palsy register. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2021;63(11):1327-1336. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14926
Akhter R, Hassan NMM, Martin EF, Muhit M, Smithers-Sheedy H, Badawi N, et al. Caries experience and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in a low-resource setting. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0704-2
Karaseridis K, Dermata A. Cerebral palsy: Oral manifestations and dental management. Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine. 2023;27(1):1-7. DOI: 10.5937/bjdm2301001K
Mopagar DG, Raurale A, Pendyala G, Sonawane P, Hadpe H, Kankerej U. Dental and medical management of children with cerebral palsy: Case series with. Medical Science. 2023;27:e118ms2845. doi: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi/v27i132/e118ms2845
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CreativeCommons Attribution License (CC BY) 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
